Meet Mood Food, Hormone Hero and Super Soother - our new supplements! 💊

I am beyond excited to welcome these three new babies to the Yoppie family, and hopefully, welcome them to yours. Since I founded Yoppie in 2016, myself and the team have been on a mission to help women take control of their menstrual health routines, by creating more practical, convenient and healthier products designed with real life in mind. Your real flows, your real lifestyles and your real health issues all inspire what Yoppie is, meaning: ZERO pseudo-science or one-size-fits-all solutions.

Throughout the years to help us achieve this mission we've sat with thousands of everyday people (this may include you, reading this right now!) online, in their homes, and even sometimes in their bathroom, to talk about what menstrual health means to women today. And the most overwhelming thought that connected us all was that we all knew our menstrual cycle was way more than just "the bleeding part." Whether it's weird crampy feelings, or haywire mood swings, we all knew that there is way more going on down there every single month. But a lot of us didn't have anything to help us get through, nor did many of us really clock on that those physical and emotional symptoms were connected to our cycle. We just waited for the blood to come round the corner and then remembered the reason why we ate 5 bars of chocolate in one sitting a couple of days ago...it was PMS!

So through all of these conversations with you, we knew that Yoppie had to go beyond just our beloved bleed products. We had to create solutions that could help women tackle PMS symptoms in more targeted and personalised ways. After all, we deserve way more than those generic "female multivitamins" to help us tackle them right? So...we created three custom PMS supplements that will. Whether its mood swings, cramps, tender breasts or period poop, our trio of supplements are all very serious about helping you target your individual blend of emotional and physical symptoms. Let me tell you all a little bit about them...

A daily supplement that helps alleviate “the emotional rollercoaster" (aka: hormonal mood swings, irritability and anxious feelings). Each powerful capsule contains 7 key, natural ingredients to help support the emotional symptoms of PMS. Some of these include Ashwagandha, Lemon Balm Leaf and Lavender Flower to help you cope calmly with stress, and Passion Flower to help with emotional comfort. 

A daily supplement for that “bloaty-tired” feeling during your cycle. Each capsule contains 12 key, natural ingredients to support the hormonal symptoms of PMS (ie. bloating, digestion and fatigue). We've used Activated Charcoal which contributes to the reduction of excessive intestinal gases accumulation, Nopal Powder to help maintain normal appetite levels, and powerful essentials such as Iron, Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B12 to contribute to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue.

A daily supplement that soothes those menstrual aches and pains. You know the ones: headaches, cramps and breast tenderness! Each capsule contains 10 key, natural ingredients to support the physical symptoms of PMS. We've added amazing ingredients such as Pine Bark Extract to help maintain good health by protecting cells and tissues through its antioxidant properties, Magnesium to contribute to normal nerve function, Vitamin C to contribute to the normal function of the nervous system and Vitamin D which helps contribute to normal inflammatory responses.

The launch of this amazing trio of supplements is a true labour of love, and I hope they can earn a place in your heart too by proving to be uncomplicated and effective additions to your daily menstrual health routine. Make sure to follow our socials to hear first squeal of excitement of when they launch!

As always, thank you for being a part of our journey ✨

Want to know more about PMS and what supplements can help you combat its symptoms? Reach out in our private Facebook group or drop us a note on Insta@itsyoppie. Don't forget that our personalised period subscription box can get organic tampons (and much more) delivered easily and regularly through your letterbox - a few less things to worry about shopping for!

Why We Created 3 Unique PMS Supplements

Ah yes, the clitoris! Rarely discussed, barely researched, and somewhat of an enigma. You might think the clitoris is just that little knobbly bit above the opening of your vagina, but it’s so much more than that. According to Scientific American, the clitoris is a bit like an iceberg, with around 90% of its mass thought to be below the surface. There are clitoral bulbs inside, arms that reach as far as 9cm into the pelvis, and an estimated 8,000 nerve endings, which FYI, is 2-3 times as many as the penis has. Let’s take a closer look at this majestic organ! 

You may have heard it referred to as the clit, the bean, the button, or if you’re from the 1500s, the devil’s teat. Charming. Nobody knew much about the clitoris in the old days, as most research on reproductive organs was conducted on the penis. Nowadays we know the clitoris is made up of two ‘corpora cavernosa’, which function as erectile tissue, just like you would find in the penis. It is covered by thin skin and a hood, and packed with sensory nerves and receptors. The clitoris starts off small, and grows larger during puberty. When a person is sexually aroused, it becomes engorged, similar to the penis.

Everyone’s vulva looks different, so you may want to get up close with a hand mirror to explore your own, however as a general rule, there’s usually a flap of skin above the labia, called the clitoral hood. It’s basically a bit of skin that folds over to protect the clitoris (Shall I compare thee to a penis? Kind of like a foreskin). A lot of women worry that their clitoral hood looks ‘weird’ in some way. Maybe it seems too big, too long, or something else, but the fact of the matter is the clitoral hood can be absolutely any shape, size and colour, so don’t worry that yours isn’t ‘normal’ - it is. If you’re really worried, a visit to your GP or GUM clinic should put your mind at ease. 

If you have insecurities about your clitoral hood, you may find our interview with vulva cast artist Lydia Reeves interesting - read it here!

The word ‘vulva’ encompasses all of the external female genital organs, including the labia minora, which form an oval shape around the vagina, and the labia majora, which form the outer part of the oval (the bit where pubic hair grows). You’ll find the clitoris at the point where the labia majora meet, near the pubic bone. If you find yourself playing hide and seek with your clitoris, that’s OK. Sometimes it can take a while to become comfortable and knowledgeable about your own vulva. Go forth and explore!

How do you stimulate the clitoris to have an orgasm? 

Ah, the big question! The road to orgasm is just one of those things that’s incredibly personal to each person. Everyone has different things that stimulate their erogenous zones, different wants and desires, different things that ‘get you off’. It comes down to learning about your body, and doing some experimenting if you feel comfortable. 

Don’t skip the foreplay! If you are with a partner, you may want to start with some kissing and general mood-setting 

Use whatever feels good to you - fingers, sex toys, lube, a vibrator, or even a shower head (stimulation only... don’t spray water into the vagina!)

Start by working on the area around the clitoris, as the build-up can be part of it

Experiment with pressure and speed, and take your time 

It’s all about what feels good to you, so experiment with your body and find what works. 

What if you can’t have a clitoral orgasm? 

For most, even if it takes a while to figure out what works for you, an orgasm is achievable, but there is such a thing as anorgasmia, which is the medical term for when someone has regular difficulty reaching orgasm. There’s no need to worry about a lack of orgasms in a medical sense, but it can be both frustrating for the person and cause strain on a sexual relationship with a partner. 

According to the NHS, around 10% of women have never had an orgasm, either with a partner or during masturbation, so you’re not alone. Reasons why this might be happening include; worrying during sex, pain or discomfort, past sexual trauma, hormonal changes, or medications - for example, some antidepressants can affect the ability to achieve arousal or orgasm.2 If you are unable to reach orgasm, don’t be afraid to find out why. Speak to a medical professional who can advise on the best course of action. 

There is so much still unknown about the clitoris, but getting to know your own is important. Why? Well we couldn’t have put it better than Maria Røsok in this TED Talk called ‘The unknown greatness of the clitoris’. She says:

“We know that good and mature sexual health is a roadmap to good mental and physical health, not to mention all the joy and pleasure it brings.”

Curious about the clitoris? If we don’t have the answer, we’ll consult the clit-erature and get back to you! Chat to us over at our private Facebook group or drop us a note on Insta @itsyoppie. Don't forget that our personalised period subscription box can get organic tampons, pads, liners (and more) delivered easily and regularly through your letterbox. That leaves you more time to think about...other things.

1.         Jannini EA, Buisson O, Rubio-Casillas A. Beyond the G-spot: clitourethrovaginal complex anatomy in female orgasm. Nat Rev Urol 2014; 11: 531–538.

2.         Allahdadi KJ, Tostes RC, Clinton Webb R. Female Sexual Dysfunction: Therapeutic Options and Experimental Challenges.

Clit-ical Analysis: Everything You Need To Know About The Clitoris

If you’re wondering what this pelvic floor thing is that everyone’s talking about, you’re in the right place. Here we’re breaking down what the pelvic floor actually is, how to keep it strong, and why we need to ignore the cultural messaging that tells us ‘keeping it tight’ down there is the only way to keep the pleasure in sex (it’s not). Let’s dive in! 

Your pelvic floor is a group of muscles and ligaments that support the uterus, bladder and bowel inside your pelvis. Keeping those muscles tight will ensure those organs sit where they’re supposed to sit. You will be able to feel your pelvic floor muscles in action if you try stopping the flow of urine when peeing (although don’t do this often as it can stress your bladder!). 

How do I know if my pelvic floor muscles are dysfunctional?

The signs of an issue with the pelvic floor muscles include getting urges to use the bathroom suddenly or constantly, accidental urine leaks when exercising, coughing or even laughing, accidentally passing wind. A weakness in the muscles of the pelvic floor can lead to prolapse (when one or more organs in the pelvis move down from their normal position and bulge into the vagina). A general sign of a weak pelvic floor is if you are having trouble holding your urine throughout the day, or experience accidental leaks. If the pelvic floor is excessively tight or contracts unintentionally, it can cause pain during sex or pain in the pelvic area.

Why should I care about my pelvic floor muscles?

The short answer is, if they’re healthy and doing their job, you don’t really need to care about them at all. There are unfortunately many societal myths that suggest the tightness of your vagina is directly related to sexual pleasure for both you and your partner, and many products and even surgeries are advertised to help achieve ‘the perfect vagina’, which of course, doesn’t exist. Pleasure during sex is multifactorial, and not entirely down to how tight someone’s vagina is, so you shouldn’t feel ashamed or embarrassed by this. 

Most people find that weak pelvic floor muscles only become a problem later in life or after childbirth, but if you do experience issues, don’t be afraid to speak to your GP for an assessment, and don’t brush the symptoms off. There are many available options that can help, with treatment ranging from physiotherapy to surgery.1 Many feel that as they get older or after they have had children this is something they simply need to live with, but that’s not always the case. 

If you are experiencing weak pelvic floor muscles, or you’re worried about them in future, you’ll be pleased to know that just like other muscles in the body, your pelvic floor muscles can be worked out, too - anyone else imagining a gym for your vagina? No? Just us?

Let’s get into the exercises you can do to help strengthen your pelvic floor. One such exercise many people love to do (and many TV shows love to reference) is the Kegel exercise, which is another name for pelvic floor exercises. The great thing about doing Kegels is that you can pretty much do them any time, any place, and the people around you will be none the wiser. 

To do this, engage your pelvic floor muscles (remember holding your urine stream mid-flow? Them's the ones!) and hold for 5-10 seconds, then release. While you’re holding, try not to hold your breath or tighten your stomach muscles. Repeat this another 5-10 times, and do this a few times each day. There’s really nothing to it, and if you’re worried you’ll forget, there are tons of apps that will discreetly remind you at regular intervals. The NHS recommends the Squeezy app and it is also endorsed by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and can be used by anyone who wants to practice working their pelvic floor.

What other exercises can I do for my pelvic floor? 

Aside from focused pelvic floor exercises, simply doing some strength training on the muscles in the lower half of your body can help. Things like squats and some yoga poses can help target the area and keep you generally healthy. If you want some more pelvic floor strengthening exercises to try, here are 5 easy poses. 

Age is just a number, but try telling that to your pelvic floor muscles! They have a habit of relaxing over the years, and while everyone’s experience of this will be different (there are plenty of post-menopausal women with healthy pelvic floors!), in general it is known that your muscles change as you age. 

In your 20s, the pelvic floor is at its prime. Some women even find theirs can be too tight during intercourse or when inserting a tampon. Although women may notice some weakening after childbirth, it is usually temporary at this age, and returns to similar strength soon after. In your 30s, a slight decrease in pelvic floor strength can occur, and if you give birth in your 30s, things could take slightly longer to strengthen than in your 20s. 

In your 40s, decreases in estrogen lead to a decreased blood supply to the vagina, which can cause physical and aesthetic changes to your vagina, and you may experience more strain on the pelvic floor muscles. After the menopause, usually around the age of 50, you may experience further weakening of the pelvic floor muscles, but in all cases it’s important to know there are many options to help relieve some of the symptoms and even re-strengthen the muscles, such as medications, pessaries, physical therapy, and more. 

If weak pelvic floor muscles are affecting your daily life, speak to your doctor to see what options you have. Got questions about pelvic floor muscles? Head on over to our private Facebook group or drop us a note on Insta @itsyoppie. Don't forget that our personalised period subscription box can get organic tampons, pads, liners (and more) delivered easily and regularly through your letterbox. That's one less thing to need to tense up about.

1.         NICE Guideline: Urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse in women: management. NICE 2019; 3–72.

2.         Bladder And Bowel Foundation. Pelvic Floor Exercises For Womenwww.bladderandbowelfoundation.org (2008, accessed 28 January 2021).

3.         Mukhopadhyay S, Morris E, Arulkumaran S, et al. APP REVIEW Squeezy-the NHS Physiotherapy App for Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercises. Obstet Gynaecol. Epub ahead of print 2016. DOI: 10.1111/tog.12272.

4.         Cody J, Hextall A, et al. Oestrogen therapy for urinary incontinence in post-menopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Epub ahead of print 2012. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001405.pub3.

Vaginal Tightness: Everything You Need To Know About The Pelvic Floor

In the words of Def Leppard, pour some sugar on meeeeee. Except maybe when menstruating? If you have blood sugar issues, experience hypoglycemia or suffer from diabetes, then you may have noticed fluctuations during your menstrual cycle thanks to constantly changing hormone levels. These changes can be difficult to manage in themselves, never mind the added stress of sensitivity to insulin.

If you suffer from diabetes and your hormones seem unpredictable, trying to manage your blood sugar alongside this can be challenging. One solution won’t suit everyone, but here are a few things you might want to know about this frustrating but important topic...

How is blood sugar connected to your period?

It’s all about those pesky hormones. Estrogen and progesterone control both your menstrual cycle and your blood glucose, so when you experience fluctuations in your blood sugar levels it can often be attributed to a certain point in your monthly cycle. When estrogen and progesterone are at their highest level, they affect insulin, which is also a hormone. This can cause your blood glucose to rise if your body becomes more resistant to the effects of insulin. 

You may not notice a difference, or you might be one of the unlucky ones who experience slight rises in blood glucose and get all the symptoms to match, like increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, tummy pain, and more. There is no one-size-fits-all answer here - everyone has a different experience.

If you suffer from either type 1 or type 2 diabetes, you may experience much more noticeable and significant changes in your blood sugar before and during your period. This can include a difference in energy levels, libido, appetite and mood, so understanding how this bodily system operates can help you manage it with relative ease in the long term. 

Top tip: If you are diabetic, you may find it useful to record your blood glucose results alongside tracking your menstrual cycle to identify patterns.

How does each point in your cycle affect blood sugar? 

Diabetic or not, the menstrual cycle is entirely different for each person and can vary by month. However, On Track Diabetes offers a rough guide to what’s happening to your blood sugar in relation to your menstrual cycle.

They explain that there are 4 primary hormones affecting the menstrual cycle; estrogen, progesterone, Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH).

Each hormone affects blood sugar and sensitivity to insulin differently. Let’s look at the whole cycle, starting with the first day of your period.

Day 1-10: Hello period! You may experience higher blood sugars and insulin resistance on the first day, but insulin sensitivity should revert back to normal for the rest of your period, and a few days after it ends.

Day 11 - 14: You’re ovulating, so you may experience higher (and somewhat erratic) blood sugar levels and insulin resistance once again. When your body is prepping to release an egg, the levels of LH, FSH and estrogen all rise, which can cause a spike in your blood sugar lasting 2-3 days, max.

Day 15 - 20: The roller coaster that is your blood sugar level drops closer to its typical level for a few days.

Day 21 - 28: … and up we go again! This is the point in your cycle, known as the mid-luteal phase, where you’re more likely to experience significant insulin resistance and higher blood sugar levels in the days before you start your next period. And then the cycle begins all over again!

Managing blood glucose levels alongside your cycle

If you are diabetic and already carefully managing your blood sugar levels, you’ll probably have this down to a fine art. But if you experience particularly bad PMS symptoms (premenstrual syndrome) like mood swings and bloating, then it can be all the more challenging.  You may find it helpful to control these menstrual symptoms through use of hormonal contraception, such as the pill or injection, but it is worth bearing in mind that these can impact your blood sugar control too.

One symptom to watch out for is food cravings, as these can easily affect blood glucose levels. A craving for carbs or sweets combined with a lack of physical activity around your period could affect this, so always be aware of your body’s reaction to certain times of the month, and don’t be afraid to ask your GP if you experience any issues that you feel negatively affect your daily life.

Want to minimise food cravings? Here are a few tips:

Limit your intake of alcohol, chocolate and caffeine, as these can affect your mood and increase the likelihood of you reaching for the high-carb, high-sugar treats

Have regular, set meal times and avoid snacking throughout the day

If you do need a snack, stick to low-fat, low-carb treats that are less likely to spike your blood glucose

Do regular exercise throughout the month to decrease your blood glucose levels and manage your mood

If you have any questions or concerns about how your blood glucose levels are affected by fluctuating hormones during your menstrual cycle, talk to your GP about how they can help you better understand what your body is doing, effectively monitor your levels, and stay healthy.

Got questions about blood sugar and your period? Ask away over on Instagram at @itsyoppie! If we don’t have the answer, we’ll point you in the direction of the info you need. You've got enough going on at that time of the month so don't forget that our personalised period box can get organic cotton tampons, and much more, delivered through your letterbox. That's a few less things to worry about each cycle!

Yeung EH, Zhang C, Mumford SL, et al. Longitudinal study of insulin resistance and sex hormones over the menstrual cycle: the BioCycle Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95: 5435–5442.

Brown SA, Jiang B, McElwee-Malloy M, et al. Fluctuations of Hyperglycemia and Insulin Sensitivity Are Linked to Menstrual Cycle Phases in Women With T1D. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2015; 9: 1192–1199.

Cortés ME, Alfaro AA. The effects of hormonal contraceptives on glycemic regulation. Linacre Q 2014; 81: 209–218.

Your Blood Sugar's Relationship With Your Menstrual Cycle

There are all sorts of aches and pains that come with periods, and if you’re one of the unlucky ones, sometimes it can feel like the whole bottom half of your body is being pushed through one of those old fashioned clothes wringers. One pain you might experience below the waist is in your bum, and this can be everything from pressure in your tailbone area (called coccydynia) to butthole cramps (true story). It’s usually nothing to worry about, and happens to a lot of people, but here’s some helpful info that will explain a little more about what could be going on down there. 

What are the most common causes of pain in the bum? 

Mostly it comes down to muscular pain. All that cramping and bloating can put pressure on the gluteal muscles, leading to tension that can cause muscles to spasm, or aches in the back, pelvis, and you guessed it - the bum. It’s the same pressure that may make you feel like you need to wee more while on your period. 

These aches and spasms can usually be soothed with simple over-the-counter painkillers, but any severe or suspect pain should be checked out by your GP, so don’t avoid or delay asking for help if you are particularly uncomfortable. 

Though pain in the tailbone area isn’t normally anything to worry about, it’s good to be aware that it can be a potential symptom of endometriosis. As a reminder, endometriosis is a condition where tissue that grows in the lining of the womb starts to grow elsewhere in the body, where it shouldn’t. It can cause mild to severe pain, is difficult to diagnose, and one of the places that can be affected is the bowel. Endometrial tissue can grow into the vagina, the rectum, and even the tissue that sits between the vagina and rectum, called the rectovaginal septum, leading to a condition called rectovaginal endometriosis, which can cause more intense pain. 

This condition is not as common as endometriosis that is found in the lining of the abdomen - a review in the International Journal of Women’s Health found that it affects up to 37% of endometriosis sufferers. 

What are the signs and symptoms of rectovaginal endometriosis?

The symptoms of endometriosis on the bowel are similar to what you might find with irritable bowel syndrome, but they can worsen during the days before and during your period. Some symptoms to watch out for are; pain when having a bowel movement, pelvic pain during sex, and rectal bleeding while on your period. If any of these symptoms occur, it is best to speak to your GP so they can do some tests and find out the cause of the pain. These tests could be a vaginal exam, an ultrasound, or if endometriosis is suspected, a laparoscopy or CT/MRI scan might be done. This may sound scary, but it’s all part of the process. Endometriosis is not considered life threatening, but the pain can become rather intense, so don’t wait around to speak to your doctor if you experience this. 

How to relieve general tailbone/bowel pain 

If endometriosis is not the problem, then muscular pain affecting the tailbone area is often worsened by something as simple as constipation during your period. Avoid this by eating high fibre foods that will encourage regular bowel movements, drinking more fluids throughout the day, correcting your sitting posture while having a bowel movement (simple but effective!) and if needed, taking over-the-counter stool softeners. 

If your pain gets worse during your period but is still there throughout the month, the problem could be irritable bowel syndrome, haemorrhoids, or a number of other issues. If in doubt, always visit your doctor to find out where the pain is coming from and get advice on the best way to find effective relief. 

Do you experience pain in your tailbone area during your period? How do you manage this? Let us know over on Instagram at @itsyoppie. You've got enough going on at that time of the month so don't forget that our personalised period subscription box can get organic cotton tampons, and much more, delivered through your letterbox. That's a few less things to worry about each cycle!

1.        Moawad NS, Caplin A. International Journal of Women’s Health Dovepress Diagnosis, management, and long-term outcomes of rectovaginal endometriosis. Int J Womens Health 2013; 5–753.

Pain In The Bum: A Guide To Tailbone Pain During Your Period

Maybe you’ve done it, maybe you haven’t. Let’s talk about the  art (yes, art) of masturbating while on your period, because it  actually has some benefits that you may never have considered. That’s  right, evidence suggests that the endorphins you get when masturbating can actually help relieve stress and period pain. That settles it then...doctor’s orders! 

Is it safe to masturbate while on your period?

In a word: yes. The stigma around menstruation has led to far too  many people believing that period blood is dirty, and somehow dirtier  than blood that comes from elsewhere in the body. It’s not dirty or  harmful, and unless someone has a blood-borne illness, period blood is  not dangerous at all. 

There is no medical reason to avoid masturbating while on your  period, so as long as you feel comfortable, you should also feel safe  doing so. In fact research shows that many notice increased arousal while on their period, so you may even enjoy it more. 

If you decide to masturbate when using a tampon or menstrual cup,  that’s OK, you don’t have to remove it unless you want to. One thing to  keep in mind is that you may find a tampon will absorb the fluid that  usually comes out of the vagina when you are aroused, so using a bit of lube might be beneficial here. 

If you are engaging in mutual masturbation with a partner and this  leads to intercourse, always remember to remove your tampon before  having penetrative sex. Doing this with a tampon in can cause pain and lead to possible issues such as toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and infections. Best leave it out!

We’re not going to lie… masturbation (or sex) during your period could  be a messy affair. Then again, it could also be absolutely fine. It all  depends on your individual flow and how many days you are into your  period. Some may experience only some light spotting, some may unleash a  tidal wave of blood. Kidding of course! Masturbating isn’t going to  produce more blood, it’s only going to speed up the release of the blood  you are already bleeding, so don’t stress about it. If you have a heavy  flow and you are worried about bleeding onto bed sheets or furniture,  you may want to lay down a towel just to be safe. Another option is  masturbating in the shower or bath for a nice, easy clean up. 

If you suffer from bad period pain, then getting jiggy with yourself could be the perfect solution. Studies have found that masturbating can help offer some relief for period pain and cramps, as well as other aches and pains, like back pain, headaches  and more. This is because during orgasm, the body releases a rush of  dopamine and serotonin, which both act as natural pain relievers. Pretty cool that we have built-in painkillers, right? 

Masturbation has also been shown to help boost mood, improve sleep, and though not proven, it has even been thought to shorten your cycle,  as when the uterus contracts, it pushes out the uterine lining faster.  So… out with the Feminax, and in with the vibrator?

Got a question about masturbating while on your period? Ask us over on Instagram at @itsyoppie! You've got enough going on at that time of the month so don't forget that our personalised period subscription box can get organic cotton tampons, and much more, delivered through your letterbox. That's a few less things to worry about each cycle!

Let's Talk About Masturbating During Your Period

Endometriosis is a condition that affects people who menstruate in a  number of ways, and we are just starting to understand more about it. It  mostly declares itself by creating pelvic pain, or through its effects  on fertility.

The endometrium is the name for the lining of the womb, which is shed  each month in a normal menstrual cycle. When tissue that is similar to  the cells of the endometrium grow outside the womb, such as in the  pelvis or on the ovaries, this is known as endometriosis. This tissue  can induce a chronic inflammatory reaction that may result in scar  tissue formation. 

The cells can also bleed in response to the hormones of the menstrual cycle, and this may cause significant pain during your period, which may be in unusual locations such as a specific point in the pelvis or in the rectum. Sometimes these cells form large cysts in the ovaries, known as endometriomas.

There is a related condition called adenomyosis, which involves  endometrial tissue that invades into the muscular layer of the uterus.  The two conditions have similarities and can share symptoms, and some  women with endometriosis also have adenomyosis. 

What causes endometriosis? Is it associated with genetics? 

We still don’t know exactly why endometriosis happens, but there are a  number of theories that put forward various possible causes. It is  believed that it arises when endometrial cells are shed during your  period, and travel the wrong way (known as retrograde menstruation),  travelling through the fallopian tubes and into the pelvis instead of  leaving your body as a period. It has also been proposed that there may  be a change in your immune system which means your body doesn't  recognise that these endometrium cells shouldn’t be there, and thus doesn't destroy them.

Some research suggests that your genes may make you more likely to have endometriosis, because if your mother or sister is affected, you  are 6 times more likely to have endometriosis too!

Does endometriosis progress in stages and if so, what are they?

Yes. It is important to note that the type or severity of  endometriosis present does not always correlate to the symptoms an  individual experiences. For example, someone with mild superficial  endometriosis may experience more pain or physical symptoms than someone  else with more severe, deep infiltrating endometriosis. Despite these  differences, you most likely will receive a staging classification for  your endometriosis.

Doctors use a classification system outlined by the American Society  for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM). The stages range from I (one) to IV  (four), with I being the most mild and IV being the most severe.

For some people, endometriosis can cause adhesions, sticking the organs together – for example, the uterus and bowel. Sometimes, deep infiltrative endometriosis can affect most of the pelvis and invade  organs such as the bowel or bladder more significantly. This can be moderate or severe (stage 3 or stage 4).

No. Not all painful periods are endometriosis, and not all  endometriosis causes period pain. Endometriosis can cause painful  periods (dysmenorrhea), chronic pelvic pain, painful sex (dyspareunia),  painful bowel movements (dyschezia), painful urination (dysuria), back  pain, leg pain, and shoulder pain. This pain can be so intense that it prevents normal daily activities like sitting up or walking. 

No. Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological illnesses, affecting approximately 176 million people worldwide, or 2-10% of all women of reproductive age. It can be a difficult condition to diagnose early, because some people don’t experience symptoms, and  confirming a diagnosis requires surgery, which has its own risks attached. As a result of this, the average delay from first developing  symptoms to receiving a diagnosis is 8 years!

The diagnosis of endometriosis is first suspected based on the  symptoms you tell your doctor, then investigated by physical examination and scans such as an ultrasound. The best way to confirm the diagnosis is by directly visualising the deposits during a laparoscopy (keyhole) surgery.

However, if your doctor suspects endometriosis they may offer  starting with treatment such as hormones to suppress the menstrual cycle  before subjecting you to a surgery. This may help improve the symptoms without the need for the operation. 

At any stage! Endometriosis may start after puberty, but the  length of time it takes to get diagnosed means most women are 25-35 when  the condition is confirmed.  The Global Study of Women’s Health, conducted in 16 centres in ten countries, showed that two thirds of  women sought help for their symptoms before the age of 30, many experiencing symptoms from the start of their first period.

However, its also worth remembering that you are not necessarily ‘too  old’ to develop endometriosis, as it may also develop later in life,  and after childbirth. 

Will I be able to get pregnant if I have endometriosis?

Maybe. Infertility or difficulty conceiving is a common symptom of endometriosis. Around 4 in 10 people who have endometriosis  are affected by infertility or subfertility. Looking at the issue from another perspective, up to 50% of women who struggle with fertility have endometriosis.

Endometriosis can cause infertility through increased inflammation, which causes damage to eggs and sperm, or through anatomical changes and scarring to the fallopian tubes. However, many women successfully conceive at all stages of endometriosis, with or without the need for assisted reproductive technologies.  

Can hormonal treatments cure endometriosis?

No. Synthetic hormonal medications like the pill, progestins,  Danazol, and GnRH-analogues are given to suppress the menstrual cycle  and its symptoms. Whilst they “treat” the problems, they do not reverse or change the disease process. Once use of the medications stops, symptoms often return.

No. Pregnancy—like hormonal treatments—may temporarily  suppress the symptoms of endometriosis due to higher levels of  progesterone. However it does not eradicate it. Symptoms usually return  after childbirth. Sometimes breastfeeding may delay the return of  symptoms, but only while it is frequent and intense enough to suppress the menstrual cycle. 

Is a hysterectomy a cure for endometriosis?

Not necessarily. Surgery for endometriosis-pain needs to be  carefully considered and planned. This is because disease may be  extensive and involve other organs, and if incomplete may mean further  surgeries are necessary in the future. Each additional surgery worsens the possibility of adhesions forming which make complications of surgery more likely.

Even with a hysterectomy, where the womb is removed permanently, it’s possible to have endometriosis. This is because endometrial-like tissue  can grow in many places in the pelvis (such as the lining of the  abdominal cavity or bowels) to cause endometriosis. Removal of the uterus (and sometimes the ovaries too) is usually viewed a last resort,  after other medications and conservative surgeries have been tried. It  may offer effective pain relief, but some symptoms may come back later on. After the womb and ovaries have been removed, you will likely need  some hormone replacement until your natural menopause because of the  potential detrimental effects of a lack of oestrogen.

Wondering if you might have endometriosis?

If your periods are particularly painful or difficult to manage,  don’t hesitate in speaking to your doctor. There are a lot of treatments  available that may help: you just need to ask! You've got enough going on at that time of the month so don't forget that our personalised period subscription box can get organic cotton tampons, and much more, delivered through your letterbox. That's a few less things to worry about each cycle!

Endometriosis 101: Common Questions And Misconceptions

Podcast junkie? Us too. And our favourites are the ones that get super candid about women’s health: periods, vaginas, hormones, pregnancy, you name it, we’re into it! We’ve chosen our top ten favourites to share with you. Headphones out, here we go...

If you’re going to listen to a podcast about women’s health, you can’t go wrong with one hosted by two open and honest Ob-Gyn physicians who aren’t afraid to dive into the good stuff. Sex, embarrassing stories, reproductive policy, taboo topics... and it’s all backed up by scientific facts. Listening to Dr. Jenn and Dr. Erica is like listening to your friends having a chat, but the kind that really know what they’re talking about. We’re in! 

You’ll find more info and episodes here. 

Everyone has their own period story, which is why we love the concept of this podcast, hosted by Le’Nise Brothers, a registered nutritionist who specialises in women's health, hormones and the menstrual cycle. In the podcast, she sits down with guests to discuss their personal period story, and dispel a few myths and misconceptions at the same time. This one features some great personal stories that we’re sure you’ll relate to. 

Learn more and listen to the podcast here. 

If you’re pregnant, a parent, or thinking about becoming one at some point, Beyond The Bump is a great listen. Hosts Jayde Couldwell and Sophie Pearce get real about all things mum-hood, and get into some really interesting discussions with guests where they ask all the questions you’ve always wanted to. They aim to have you feeling “lighter, more supported and more understood” after you listen. We’re all ears! 

Hormones are a bit of an enigma, so podcasts like this are absolute gold-dust, explaining how to actually maintain healthy hormones in daily life. Healthy Hormones for Women is hosted by Samantha Gladish, whose titles include “Online Nutritionist, Weight Loss Coach and Hormone Fixer-Upper”. Episodes cover everything from effective strategies for balancing hormones, to discussions about PMS, PCOS, menopause, and all that good stuff. 

For all you entrepreneurs and busy business folks out there, Periods & Power Moves might just be the pod for you. Hosted by Vianney Leigh, a “Menstrual Cycle Alignment Guide”, the podcast gets stuck into the stuff you need to know about understanding and aligning your menstrual cycle to avoid burnout and maintain a positive mindset. If your life is a constant hustle, there are episodes ready and waiting to help you tap into your monthly flow and feel more productivity as a result. 

A 10/10 for podcast names, and the content is equally winning. Heavy Flow is hosted by Amanda Laird, and is all about body positivity, periods, reproductive health, feminism and health and wellness topics. There are a wide variety of guests who each dive into some interesting topics, from periods to fertility to birth control to mental health and more. Bring on the Heavy Flow!

A podcast that names its episodes Breakthrough Bleed? Genius. Period, hosted by Kate Clancy, simply explores anything and everything to do with the menstrual cycle, and isn’t afraid to shy away from all things blood, blood, blood. There are some really interesting guests with science backgrounds in past episodes, and although the episodes appear to have paused throughout the pandemic, there’s a great back catalogue of juicy information waiting for you. 

This one could be a favourite if you have experienced pain or problems with your health. Host Hannah Matluck has her own story of battling with pelvic pain, gut issues and hormonal imbalances, but has worked to create a community of others who have their own stories to tell. Including advice from top medical experts and interviews with bold women who share the intimate details of their health, we think you’re going to love this one. 

There’s lots more info and episodes available here. 

Who doesn’t love a monthly party?! This podcast has two experts in women’s health telling all. Because where’s the fun in keeping your period problems to yourself? These conversations are designed to help you understand your body better, and we’re all for that. Hosts Nat and Nicole are friendly, fun and up for a totally uncensored chin-wag about all things period-related. 

… we sure do! This podcast, hosted by Yumi Stynes, gets into the taboo subjects we know and love (but never talk about). There have been episodes on vaginas, anal sex, the clitoris, erotic literature, pubic hair and many more topics that’ll make you clutch your pearls and turn up the volume. 

Found another podcast you think we’d love to hear? Sharing’s caring! Send us your suggestions over on Instagram at @itsyoppie.

You've got enough going on at that time of the month so don't forget that our personalised period subscription box can get organic cotton tampons, and much more, delivered through your letterbox. That's a few less things to worry about each cycle!

Yoppie's Top 10 Favourite Women's Health Podcasts

Worst. Year. Ever. We can all agree 2020 has been a big fat thumbs down for most people. Period poverty has risen in the UK due to the pandemic, adding more worry to an already stressful year, but there have been more than a few positive period-related stories to come out of 2020, too. Here are our top 10 menstrual health moments of the year…

Workplaces used a quiz to become more period-friendly 📝

In September, MyPeriod.org.uk and the Scottish government launched their website to educate and remove stigma around periods in the workplace. There’s an interactive test that employers can take to discover how period-friendly their workplace is, and how to improve. Businesses receive a Gold, Silver or Bronze certification, and learn about hidden health concerns like endometriosis, PCOS and menopause. Massive menstrual win!

Chelsea became the first football club in the world to tailor their Chelsea Women training schedule to fit the players' menstrual cycles. The move was made by Manager Emma Hayes to enhance performance and reduce injury rates after she noticed the players’ energy and mood was affected by their cycle - relatable. They’re tailoring everything from training to nutrition to help them play at their very best. A goal for 2020!

Rishi sorted us UK menstruators out this year by scrapping the tampon tax, and it’s about bloody time. Under EU laws, tampons and sanitary towels have been categorised as a ‘luxury’ item instead of essential, meaning EU member states cannot reduce the tax rate below 5%. It has been confirmed that after the Brexit transition period ends, sanitary products will be zero-rated for VAT. Finally! 

Pantone launched their new shade: Period 🟥

Pantone always makes a big splash about their ‘Colour of the Year’, and though this wasn’t the chosen one for 2020 (damn you, Classic Blue!) it’s a bold addition to their range. Pantone’s new shade is apparently inspired by periods, and we know what you’re thinking; do the folks at Pantone think anyone’s period blood is actually that bright? Well, it’s the thought that counts, and we love it. If you’re planning a fresh lick of paint on your feature wall for 2021, might we suggest Period?

Big Mouth got SO real about using tampons 🙊

Big Mouth never fails to entertain with its all too real (and sometimes horrifying) portrayal of puberty. Season 4 did not disappoint. One of our all-time favourite moments was when Jessi got a heavy period at summer camp, and inserted a tampon for the first time. As usual, Big Mouth didn’t miss the opportunity to perfectly personify Jessi’s vagina, giving it a voice (thanks Kristen Wiig) and a hilarious, charming personality to talk her through the process. If only we all had a genital cheerleader during our first tampon experience. 

Emma Roberts opened up about endo and egg freezing 🥚

Actor Emma Roberts showed off her baby bump this year while getting candid about her health. After years of undiagnosed endometriosis, she finally found an explanation for her pain, and opened up about how it had unknowingly affected her fertility, to the point where she was advised to freeze her eggs. In the last few years we’ve seen many celebs discuss their endo issues, and we’re all for people shining a light on this frequently ignored condition. 

Bonnie Scotland became the first country in the world to provide free period products for all. In November, MSPs approved a bill making it a legal duty for local authorities to ensure free tampons and sanitary pads are available to anyone who needs them. MSP Monica Lennon has been campaigning to end period poverty since 2016, and it’s needed this year more than ever. It looks like the rest of the UK could follow suit soon, fingers crossed. 

A cricket team became the first to be sponsored by pads 🏏

Cricketers from the Indian Premier League team, the Rajasthan Royals, became the first major sports team to sign a sponsorship deal with a sanitary pad brand, and started wearing their logo on their jerseys when their tournament began in September. They’re keen to help fight stigma around periods, and what a way to do it. Howzat!

There were promising advances in treating PMDD 🤞

Anyone who suffers with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) knows that it can be debilitating, which is why it’s welcome news that preliminary research is showing a promising new treatment. Swedish researchers found that a drug blocking progesterone could help, after conducting a study of 95 women. This isn’t enough to get definitive answers, of course, so a lot more research needs to be done, but it’s a step in the right direction. 

Yoppie released applicator tampons and more! 🎉

And how could we not mention our very own fist-pump moment of 2020 - we released our first sustainable cardboard applicator cotton tampons, alongside a new personalised recommendation period box subscription service. Every period is different, and we’ll keep striving to offer complete flexibility and a bespoke approach to your cycle as we move into 2021. This is just the start of many more exciting developments at Yoppie HQ - watch out!

Thought of a great menstruation moment from 2020 that we don’t have on the list? Let us know over on Instagram at @itsyoppie so we can share on social media! 

Yoppie's Roundup: The Best Menstrual Health Moments Of 2020

Isn’t it about time we start celebrating vulvas instead of treating them like a taboo subject? That’s what artist Lydia Reeves is doing, and we are loving it.  

Lydia is a body casting artist based in Brighton, UK, and the creator of The Vulva Diversity Project; a 200-strong collection of vulva casts and 100 stories from their owners, all sharing their insecurities and journeys with this intimate and rarely-discussed part of the body. At Yoppie, we love to talk about all things vagina, so this was right up our street. Our editor Caitlin caught up with Lydia to find out more about the project, the most common insecurities, and how we can all feel better about our vulvas.

“Labiaplasty is now the fastest growing cosmetic surgery around the world.” (International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery)

Hey Lydia! Tell us about your background, and how you came to start the Vulva Diversity Project?

I’ve always had an arty background. I studied Fine Art at uni, and have continued with art since I graduated over 6 years ago. My art has always involved bodies, periods, and basically anything I feel people should speak about more. 

I started The Vulva Diversity Project because, growing up, I was severely insecure about my body, and my vulva was the one place I was most insecure about. It affected my teenage years and even my adult years in terms of who I slept with and who I let in. This project stemmed from those feelings, as I wanted to do something that would help people celebrate their vulvas, and not go through what I went through. I want to show the huge variety, because as a straight woman growing up, I just didn’t see other vulvas, apart from in porn - and I think a lot of people are in the same boat.

“In 2016, 45 per cent more labiaplasty procedures were carried out than in 2015, according to data gathered by the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS)... Concerns [have been] raised over young girls choosing to have surgery on their genitals because of body insecurities that stem from social media and pornography. Leading adolescent gynaecologist Dr Naomi Crouch [says] girls as young as nine were seeking the cosmetic procedure because they were distressed by the appearance of their vulva.” (Independent.co.uk)

Labiaplasty is now the fastest growing cosmetic procedure in the world. Why do you think this is?

Even if we leave porn out of it for a minute, if you grow up without seeing another vulva, you could think “oh, they must all look like mine”. A lot of people who came in to get cast have said this. We know every face is different, so why do we think all vulvas look the same? 

Other common thoughts are “Is mine normal? Do other people look like this? What is it meant to look like?” When I first Googled this I saw before and after pictures of labiaplasty, and that’s not going to put anyone’s mind at ease if they look like the ‘before’ image. 

I think in recent years there may be a more diverse range of vulvas in porn, but certainly when I was young, all you saw was the classic ‘pornstar’ vulva; very tiny labia, tiny clitoris, all pink, no hair, pink bum hole! People might seek out labiaplasty because they feel like they need to be ‘fixed’ or made ‘more desirable’. Children are researching labiaplasty as early as nine years old… you’ve barely started puberty at nine. 

Even if you don’t see, for example, boobs in the flesh, you know all boobs are different to some degree because you can tell, even under a jumper; big boobs, small boobs, saggy boobs, and so on. You can roughly see the shape even when they’re covered up, and the same can be said about other parts of the body, but your vulva is this place of mystery! 

“According to NHS figures, in 2015-16, more than 200 girls under 18 had labiaplasty and more than 150 of the girls were under 15.” (BBC.co.uk)

Are people nervous to get their vulva cast?

It depends on the individual; some are completely comfortable getting their vulva out, they just don’t care, but that same person may be shy about getting their boobs out, and vice versa. I always chat to them for a while about why they decided to come for a cast, their background, any insecurities they have, and I share my story too if I feel it’s appropriate, so they understand why I’m doing this. Before anyone has taken any clothes off I always make sure we get to know each other better, so it’s not as nerve-racking. I don’t want anyone to feel like they just walk in, meet me and take their pants off - it’s a much more friendly process!

Alongside the casting, you ask subjects to write about their relationship with their vulva. What are the most common insecurities you’ve read? 

When I started the project, I naively thought everyone would have the same insecurities as me. Just as people thought all vulvas are the same, I somehow thought all the insecurities would be too. I was surprised that everyone had a completely different story. 

It’s hard to pinpoint the most common, because the stories are all so different. To give you an idea, I’ve had a lot of stories about overcoming sexual abuse, insecurities about the size of labia, stories about parents taking them to the doctor because they think their vulva looks weird, which shows a lack of education on the part of parents. I’ve had a few non-binary people come in, and a transgender woman who was born with a penis, and has had surgery to have a vulva in her later years. I’ve also had a man come in who was born with a vulva, and still has one. 

All the stories have been super interesting, and I’ve got a book in progress with an index of over 50 topics that have been spoken about, with page numbers so people can read about specific stories.

“A labiaplasty is surgery to reduce the size of the labia minora – the flaps of skin either side of the vaginal opening. Some women want a labiaplasty because they do not like the look of their labia. But it's completely normal to have noticeable skin folds around the opening of your vagina.” (NHS.uk)

We love that you are able to showcase vulvas in such a creative and beautiful way. What were you hoping to achieve with the project, and what do you hope people can take from it?

I want to show the aesthetic side, and that vulvas are so different, but also share the stories behind them. There could be two vulvas that look similar, but those two people may have gone through something entirely different. I think it’s just as important to share the stories so people can read them and maybe discover something they have in common.

My exhibition has been postponed to next summer due to COVID-19, but I’m also in the process of making a book with photographs of all 200 casts, and 100 of the stories collected. Since exhibitions are location-dependent, the book will allow these stories to be shared worldwide - hopefully it will spark many interesting conversations. 

I'm hoping this will help people feel less alone in how they feel about their vulva, or what they have been through. I’m hoping it starts conversations between friends and families, but if people don’t want to talk about it, they can still read the stories and take something valuable from it. Even if they don’t relate to any of it, it’s about realising that everyone looks different, has been through something different, and feels different - and it’s all completely normal and OK.

This is such an important thing for young girls to see. Do you think young boys can benefit too? 

Absolutely. This isn’t just for people who have vulvas, I think this can be so educational for everyone. Every sex, every age, whatever anyone might have been through, it’s for everyone. 

There is a huge lack of education about the variety of vulvas and experiences. A handful of people who came in to get cast said their insecurity stemmed from a man or boy making a nasty comment about their vulva. Some people just don’t know that every vulva is different, and it would be super helpful if everyone was educated on this.

How can we as a society solve the issue of vulva insecurities?

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